Parties participating in the 2010 Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) decided to defer its consideration of further strengthening of the review process of the Treaty to the next review cycle. Consequently, this issue was addressed at the first session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2015 Review Conference, held in Vienna from 30 April to 11 May 2012. This paper examines the various proposals that have been put forward thus far and that could incrementally improve accountability and efficiency as well as provide greater continuity and substantial savings. This includes smarter use of the time for substantive consideration, on the general debate and early establishment of subsidiary bodies, on moving to digitized records, on the establishment of an NPT Secretariat and the enhancement of participation by non-governmental organizations.
This paper examines the evolving role of consensus in multilateral disarmament negotiations from the tenth special session of the General Assembly (1978) to the present day. It aims to support Member States in considering how to balance progress on disarmament with the legitimacy associated with consensus-based outcomes. Rather than offering a legal definition or interpretation of consensus, the authors reflect upon historical examples of its practical application, particularly in the areas of nuclear disarmament and conventional arms.
The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) stands as a landmark achievement in the history of disarmament. For half a century, it has embodied the international community’s collective determination to ensure that advances in life sciences are never turned to destructive uses. As we commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of its entry into force in 2025, the Convention continues to serve as both a moral compass and a legal foundation for global efforts to prevent the development, production, and use of biological weapons.
The objective of this handbook is to compile basic knowledge and means for artificial intelligence (AI) practitioners to understand, evaluate and mitigate, in the research and innovation process, the risks of the diversion and misuse of civilian AI technology by irresponsible actors. The handbook shows why and how decisions around the development and diffusion of research and innovation can impact risks of misuse, and in turn generate risks or even opportunities for international peace and security.
